If it is not possible to formulate a thesis statement at the beginning of the writing process you may instead write down one or more questions that you would like to answer. Once you know what your findings are or where you stand in an academic argument, you may go back and define the thesis statement. Reading aloud to pre-school children stimulates their development of reading skills and increases their vocabulary as well as contributes to the development of general cognitive skills.
Further information about thesis statements and some examples. A good research question is debatable which means that the answer requires an academic argument. That is, research questions should not be simple yes or no questions, or questions that can be answered with a list of facts. Instead, to answer your research questions, you need to present a claim during the course of your paper, and support it with evidence. Be aware that your research questions should not be too big to be answered within the framework of the assignment.
How does reading aloud to pre-school children affect the development of their reading abilities? During the pre-writing phase you also research your topic and look for relevant sources. Often finding relevant literature is part of the final assessment of the assignment, as is the correct use of citations and references in the text.
The library search pages contain tips on how to search for literature. You may have to return to the search or reading process as your project progresses and new aspects or problems become apparent.
When you read and take notes it is important to keep track of references. Always write down your sources when you take notes and mark out if you write down any quotations. This will make it easier to handle your references during the writing process and also help you avoid plagiarism. More information about reading strategies and note-taking skills. Even though the outer framework of the structure might be given, you still need to decide how and in what order you should present your material and your argument.
Outlining is when you create a plan that presents your material in a logical order. Watch a video to gain an understanding of why it is important to present your points in a logical order:. Considering your material in this manner will also give you the opportunity to evaluate whether all your points are relevant and should be included in your finished text.
If something does not seem to fit in your line of argument, consider whether it belongs in the text at all. Once you have created an outline it is time to start writing.
Remember that you do not have to write a perfect first draft. Instead of focusing on producing a flawless text at this stage, try to concentrate on writing down your main ideas. You do not need to edit or proofread yet. Instead, try to let your thinking and writing flow as freely as possible. Furthermore, you do not have to write the text from start to finish. It is okay to begin with the sections that you feel the most confident with. You will probably have to rework your draft several times before you have a complete text.
Preferably you should allow time between drafts 1 to 2 days, if you have the time as it will give you a new perspective on your text. In many university courses giving and receiving feedback is part of the writing process. In some courses it is also part of the final assessment.
But above all, giving and receiving feedback is a learning experience and the process will help you become a better reader and writer. This is the stage in the writing process where you make sure that your text is coherent and written accurately. Your final product should be a text that has been thoroughly worked through and that meets the academic standards of writing. Make sure that you allow enough time to revise, edit and proofread your assignment before submission.
Read through your text and revise it according to the following points note that not all points apply to all texts :. Pre-writing In the pre-writing stage you plan and prepare your writing. Interpreting the task Before you begin writing it is important to understand what is required of you. Definitions of the most common instruction words The guidelines should also include information about which referencing system to use. Choosing a topic You will have to choose a topic to write about, if one has not already been assigned.
Tips on how to use different invention techniques It is likely that the topic that has been assigned or the one that you initially come up with is too broad or general to serve as the focus of the paper.
What is a thesis statement? Example of a thesis statement: Reading aloud to pre-school children stimulates their development of reading skills and increases their vocabulary as well as contributes to the development of general cognitive skills. Further information about thesis statements and some examples What is a research question? Example of a research question: How does reading aloud to pre-school children affect the development of their reading abilities?
Watch this short video from Lund University about research questions and thesis statements:. Researching and reading During the pre-writing phase you also research your topic and look for relevant sources. Outlining Even though the outer framework of the structure might be given, you still need to decide how and in what order you should present your material and your argument. Watch a video to gain an understanding of why it is important to present your points in a logical order: Tips for creating an outline: Make a list of points to gain an overview of your material.
Include any evidence and counter-evidence you have for your points or statements. The stage that immediately precedes drafting is pre-writing. This is also known as brainstorming where outlining, diagramming, or whatever other thought organization takes place before writing a draft. The Neutron stage follows the White Dwarf stage of star development. The drafting stage is when you would write a rough draft. At this stage you do not worry about grammar, but focus on the creating the paper.
The stage that follows is called the falling action then the resolution. The resolution is also called the denouement. Brainstorming and outlining. Focus on finishing your draft, and then fix these problems in the next stage. One stage may be described as prosperity. Blastocyst stage follows the morula stage of embryo development. A star's life can extend for as long as trillions of years.
Maturity follows the stable stage of most stars. Log in. Study now. See Answer. Best Answer. Study guides. Academic Writing 23 cards. What is one of the key characteristics of moving from the outline phase to the drafting phase. What is true of your ideas as you move from the outlining stage to the drafting stage. What do you not look for in the global revision stage. How can your outline help you if you get stuck while drafting.
Essays 23 cards. How is the first stage of the prewriting phase different from the second stage. Which of the following ideas from a brainstorming session would not be appropriate for an essay comparing train travel to car travel. If brainstorming only gives you the start of an idea what can you do to broaden it.
Editing is an on-going process, not a one time event. When an author edits his work, he is checking the piece for errors. These are typically errors in spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and formatting indenting of paragraphs, etc. A writer should be encouraged to edit as much of his own paper as possible.
Early writers should, with some prompting, be able to check a paper for correct capitalization and punctuation. As a child ages, he will be able to correct other errors on his own. Some students find it beneficial to read their work out loud while editing. This makes it easier to find mistakes. Editing should not be a negative process. This is a time to work on creating a polished piece of writing that will make the author proud.
The author should be reminded that he will need to edit his work at least two more times. He will edit before composing a final copy and then use the same process to check over his final product. Writing can be a difficult process for children. Many students are hesitant writers. Because of this, it is important for the home teacher to demonstrate appropriate writing strategies.
When dealing with a child who does not enjoy writing, it is very important to model each step of the writing process. The home teacher should plan to model a composition which parallels the one being written by the student. The home teacher should plan to work through each step of the writing process with his student. The teacher should show the child, with his own topic, how to complete a prewriting exercise. He should then assist the student with this activity, moving through the process step by step, focused on the topic chosen by the student.
A child does not instinctively understand how to take prewriting notes and convert them in to a piece of writing. The home teacher should model the procedure for this with his own topic. He should take the time to explain to the student how he chose to focus his composition, why he has chosen to include certain ideas instead of others, and how he plans to organize the piece of writing.
The teacher should then encourage the student to verbalize his thought process and work together to assist the child with the assigned composition.
Writing is a flexible process. A confident author recognizes that there is always room for improvement and celebrates each step toward a finished piece of writing that he is proud of.
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